Erythema

What is Erythema?

Erythema is redness of the skin which is caused by hyperemia of superficial capillaries.   There are many types of erythema, such as erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum and photosensitivity.  Erythema multiforme is known for having raised red spots on the skin or other skin lesions. Causes for this include illness, medication,  or infections.  Erythema nodosum is characterized by tender bumps on the skin that is caused by medications or diseases.  It is often seen in the lower legs below the knees.  Photosensitivity is formed when there is a reaction to sunlight, and is usually seen when something such as a medication increases the sensitivity to UV rays.  Men are at a greater risk for developing erythema than woman in the case of erythema multiforme, while woman are at a greater risk for developing erythema nodosum.  Excessive and frequent exposure to the sun increases the risk for erythema multiforme, while those that are 20 to 30 years of age are at a higher risk for erythema nodosum.  Those that have a family history of skin conditions have a higher chance at developing either erythema multiforme or erythema nodosum.

Erythema Symptoms

There are signs and symptoms of both skin conditions.  Erythema multiforme signs and symptoms include fatigue, fever, itching, fifth disease(rash that lasts about 2 weeks on the arms and face), target lesions on the skin( spots that are surrounded by rings of both red and normal skin that resemble a target), and outbreaks of bumps, lesions, and spots on the skin, commonly found on the elbows, palms, hands and feet.  Signs of erythema nodosum include flu like symptoms with a fever, joint pain, arthritis, red lesions that are soft and bluish but eventually fade to a yellow or brown, and clusters of nodules or lesions that appear on the thighs, shins, trunk and forearms.

What are the causes of Erythema?

There are a variety of causes for each type of erythema.  Erythema multiforme is caused by infections and medications.  Causes of erythema nodosum include pregnancy, ulcerative colitis, medications like birth control pills, infections such as mononucleosis, a connective tissue disorder such as lupus, Crohn’s disease, and  Bechet’s disease.

If one suspects they have any form of erythema, they should schedule an appointment with their doctor.  At the appointment, the doctor will exam the skin and body, and could possibly have a skin biopsy done. Blood testing, throat cultures, and x-rays may also be needed to determine if one has any form of erythema.

Erythema Treatment

There are many forms of treatment for erythema.  First the doctor will determine what caused the disorder in the first place and will stop any medications that are resulting in erythema. Antihistamines may be prescribed for itching, and if there is an infection, an antibiotic will be given.  Should there be a virus, antiviral medication will be made available. Corticosteroids can be applied to the skin or taken orally for erythema nodosum.  Aspirin may be used as well, and Burrow’s compresses can be applied to the skin to help soothe skin.  Complementary and alternative therapies (CAM) can be used under the direction of the doctor to prevent infections, boost the immune system and reduce inflammation.  However, do note that some of these therapies will interact with other therapies and medications.

Best way to prevent Erythema

To help prevent any form of erythema, one can look at their nutrition.  Taking antioxidants can protect the skin against damage.  Include any of the following in the diet under the supervision of your doctor: Beta-carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin B6, Vitamin E, Vitamin D, Zinc, and Melatonin. Green tea can also be used as it can protect against UV lights due to the high antioxidants that are in it.

Reference Sources:

1. University of Maryland Medical Center